Shah Wali allah was born in northern India in 1703 in a learned family descended from the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings upon him). Hadith 38, 40 Hadith an-Nawawi On the authority of Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) who said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said, “Verily Allah ta’ala has said: ‘Whosoever shows enmity to a wali (friend) of Mine, then I have declared war against him. Ada hadits Qudsi) adalah dari Nabi saw akan tetapi maknanya dari Allah swt. Abu Hurairah, radiyallahu ‘anhu, reported that the Messenger of Allah, sallallahu ‘alayhi wasallam, said: “Allah the Almighty has said: ‘Whosoever acts with enmity towards a closer servant of Mine (wali), I will indeed declare war against him. Then he will be seeing, hearing, and doing what Allah sees, hears and does. Allah says in the Qur’an: “And it is He who sends down the rain after they had despaired and spreads His mercy. Ingatlah, sesungguhnya wali-wali Allah itu tidak ada kekhawatiran terhadap mereka dan tidak pula mereka bersedih (hati). (Lihat Syarah al-Arbai’n al-Nawawi li Ibn Daqiq al-A’id , 1/127) The actual word in Hadith al-Wilayah is al-wali (الولي) – THE wali. Scholars say that among the preferable acts (nawafil) that make a person become closer to Allah, is the nawafil al-salawat (the preferable prayers that the Prophet, sallallahu ‘alayhi wasallam, used to pray every day). Not just one time, but over and over again. This will be strengthened by performing the preferable acts until the heart is full of these acts where nothing else will enslave or capture the heart. Walī (Arabic ولي , plural Awliyā أولياء), is an Arabic word, its lexical meaning being “supporter”, “guardian” or “protector”. There are many verses in the Qur’an that talk about the concept of wilayah.These verses talk about the qualities or attributes of awliya’ and their status in the sight of Allah. The early scholars also say that the one who loves Allah should obey Him, otherwise he is only claiming to love Allah. I have been learning from Ali Gomaa, the Grand Mufti of Egypt. Allah says in the Qur’an: “Allah is the ally [Wali… Background. Favors direct use of Islamic sources and exercise of ijtihad (independent reasoning), rather than following schools of law (taqlid). This motif of this obedience is based on fear of Allah, repenting to Allah and submission to His will. works on Shia- Sunni problem Hadith (Traditions) 6. Their ill deeds distance themselves away from Allah and this will make them far from Allah’s blessing, support, and love. There are many verses in the Qur’an that talk about the concept of wilayah. Hujjat Allah al-Balighah of Shah Wali Allah Dahlawi (Arabic Book) By Al-Sheikh Ahmad Shah Ibn Abd Al-Rahim Al-Dahlawi (D. 1176 H) Editor : Muhammed Salem Hashem Hardback 792 Pages 2 Volume In 2 Books Size : 17 x 24 cm ISBN : 9782745107206 Publisher : Dar Al-Kotob Al-Ilmiyah (DKI, 3rd Edition) About The Book This book contains Significant excerpts on different topics from Shah Waliullah … This book is a consists of 40 Hadith Qudsi. Allah, subhanahu wa ta’ala (Exhalted is He), tells us that He is that Protective Friend. It was narrated from Anas bin Malik (RA) that the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) marked the grave of 'Uthman bin Mazun' with a rock. And My servant does not draw near to Me with anything more beloved to… If he seeks refuge from anything, he will be given that. Scholars say that among the preferable acts, Not only will Allah grant him love of Allah but he will also be helped to glorify Allah and granted with satisfaction. The second level is those who not only do this but also perform the preferable acts (nawafil). By studying this hadith, one comes to know what the concept of wilayah or closeness to Allah means and what he should do. The first category are those who get closer to Allah by fulfilling the obligations and avoiding the prohibitions. When that status is reached by the believer, the limbs of that servant will act only in accordance to what Allah loves. Many Muslims regard them to be the best introduction the traditions of Muhammad that, after the Qur’an, form the basis of Islam. Consequently, we will be granted with the bounty that whatever we ask for, Allah will give us. Based on this, the awliya’ of Allah are those who are obedient and perform the good deeds which make them closer to Allah. Hadith No. The concept of wilayah (awliya’ Allah) is based on the verses of the Qur’an and this hadith. He always seeks and strives to do good deeds and acts that will get him closer to Allah. '. “If they dispute, then the sultan (man in authority) is the wali of those who have no wali.” [Dawud 2078, Narrated ‘Aisha , also related by Tirmidhi and others. You are going to be granted with His support and guidance. This should be corrected because until today some Muslims are still confused about wilayah. Upon his return to India, Wali Allah taught in a madrasa and served as a Sufi guide. The closer servant of Allah is granted to be saved from the above mentioned things and many others. Ḥadīth al-Wilāya (Arabic: حَدیث الوِلایَة) is a hadith from the Prophet (s) which is cited by the Shi'a as evidence for the imamate of 'Ali b. Abi Talib (a).The hadith has been cited in different wordings in Shiite and Sunni sources. Allah said: My servant has committed a sin and he knows he has a Lord who forgives sins and holds him accountable. Allah said: My servant has committed a sin and he knows he has a Lord who forgives sins and holds him accountable, so do what you will for I have forgiven you. This special status will lead to that whatever he asks of Allah, Allah will give him and his du’a will be attended to. Diriwayatkan oleh Abu Hurairah ra bahwa Rasulullah saw bersabda : “Allah swt berfirman : “Barangsiapa yang menunjukkan permusuhan dengan Wali-Ku maka Aku menyatakan perang dengannya.” ‘AL WALI’ ADALAH INDIVIDU YANG DICINTAI OLEH ALLAH SWT. We ask Allah for well-being for us and for you). wali of allah hadith. Those who believed and used to fear Allah much, for them are the glad tidings in this life and the Hereafter. Moreover, we will be saved from the harms that are mentioned above. Allah is Al-Waali (Wali), The One who is the sole planner and governor of all things. After the early centuries of Islam, this concept has been misunderstood to the extent that there came a time when the attributes of the wali is not what is mentioned in the Qur’an and hadith. However, since it is immediately followed by kulli (كل), its first two letters are hidden for a smoother pronunciation. Al-‘Ankabūt : 69). supaya kita ini tergolong dalam golongan mereka yang mengenali wali-wali Allah dan mendapatkan inayah Allah mendekati diri kepada Allah s.w.t. Based on these three verses and this Hadith Qudsi, we can say that the concept of, Belief or faith in Allah and his Messengers. This application is a collection of 40 Ahadith e Qudsi with English Translation and original Hadees into Arabics narration. Committing sins takes place only if the person loves what Allah hates or that person hates what Allah loves. Copyright © 2011-2019. During his stay at makkah Shah Wali Ullah saw a vision. And My servant does not draw near to Me with anything more beloved… The early salaf say that he cannot even commit a sin. The early, In Sunan Al-Imam Al-Nisa’ei, there is one chapter on, The last thing that we need to point out is the misconception of. It was narrated from Abu Hurairah (RA) that the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) said: "Visit the graves, for they will remind you of the Hereafter. How, then, can this person be a wali? The heart is fully devoted to Allah. Imam Nawawi’s Forty Hadith: Hadith 37, 38, and 39: Allah’s Infinite Benevolence, Allah’s Friend (wali), Forgiveness. Another thing is the recitation of the Qur’an and listening to it with full attention and understanding. In the middle of the hadith, Allah tells us the qualities of His closer servants. It was narrated from Aishah (RA) that the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) gave permission for visiting the graves. Mungkin kini, selepas ilmunya dapat kita ceduk, marilah kita bertafakkur, berusaha serta menghulurkan tangan kita kepada Allah s.w.t. Allah declares war against the one who acts with enmity towards His awliya’ (closer servants). No doubt verily the awliya’ of Allah (the closer servants of Allah) no fear shall come upon them nor shall they grieve. Sungguh, Allah beserta orang-orang yang berbuat baik.” ( QS. We are surprised to see that the actions do not match with the Islamic teachings. In reality though, this hadith is an argument against that concept, because it makes the distinction between the Creator Allah and the created wali. There are many hadiths in this chapter that tell us the sayings that the Prophet, sallallahu ‘alayhi wasallam, used to say to seek refuge of Allah to be saved from things such as poverty, ignorance, the turmoil of the grave, sadness and depression of this life, and various diseases. [6] In the Qur’an there are three verses in Surah Yunus – Ayah 62, 63 and 64. This status is mentioned in the beginning (i.e. He may look very poor or shabby. (Yaitu) orang-orang yang beriman dan mereka selalu bertaqwa. On the authority of Abu Hurayrah (RadhiyAllahu 'anhu) who said: The Messenger of Allah (SallaAllahu 'alayhi wasallam) said,“Verily Allah (Glorified may he be) has said: ‘Whosoever shows enmity to a wali (friend) of Mine, then I have declared war against him. We will see that there are two levels of servants of Allah: The first level is those who fulfill the obligations and avoid the prohibitions (muharramat). Then he will be seeing, hearing, and doing what Allah sees, hears and does. 8 (Not asking a woman to marry when someone else has already asked for it) Yahya related to me from Malik from Muhammad ibn Yahya ibn Habban from al-Araj from Abu Hurayra that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Do not ask for a woman in marriage when another muslim has already done so." ", It was narrated that Abu Hurairah (RA) said: "The Messenger of Allah visited the grave of his mother and wept, and caused those around him to weep. Allah says in the Quran: When this realisation of tawhid is achieved, then he says the heart will have no place for anything that may displease Allah. In Sunan Al-Imam Al-Nisa’ei, there is one chapter on iste’azeh. (Yunus : 62,63) Maka barangsiapa yang mengaku sebagai wali Allah namun tidak memiliki sifat-sifat ini maka dia adalah pendusta. It is better that we learn from the Prophet, sallallahu ‘alayhi wasallam, what to seek refuge of Allah from. Nothing endears My servant to Me than doing of what I have made obligatory upon him to do. He will be walking towards what Allah wants and likes. Tirmidhi said, this is a hasan Hadith] If the woman does not have a male mahram relative, the Imam closest to her locality, of the same faith as her, becomes her wali. It is actually by claims. Allah will declare war against whoever acts with enmity towards one of His closer servants) and in the end (i.e. Other scholars say that for the one who loves Allah, his heart is purified and he always remembers Allah. Orang yang mendapatkan hidayah dan anugerah Allah hidupnya senantiasa ada dalam kebaikan dan kebenaran (ada dalam keadaan fitrah/suci). This is a message to all Muslims and people not to harm others or to be enemies with Allah by harming the believers. The actual word in Hadith al-Wilayah is al-wali (الولي) – THE wali. That is he worships Allah as if he sees Him, and his heart will be full with love of Allah. Shizuoka Muslim Association. Wafq Allah al-Makkin and Taj al-Din al- Qall. What will be in the heart is only what Allah loves. That is how the situation will be, if not in this life, it will be in the Hereafter. https://www.al-islam.org/.../4-hadith-al-wilayah-what-does-wali-mean But still because of their du’a, there will be the blessings and mercy from Allah in similar situations. Dan hamba-Ku yang selalu mendekatkan diri kepada-Ku dengan nawafil (perkara-perkara sunnah diluar … In the first portion of the hadith (“Nothing endears My servant to Me than doing of what I have made obligatory upon him to do. -Sunan Ibn Majah: Vol. The result will be that the obligations of the tawhid will not be complete. Hadith Qudsi, or sacred hadith, is important status because their meaning is entirely from Allah while the wording is that of the Prophet Muhammad himself. It also takes place when self interest is given a priority and dominance over the love of Allah. That’s why sometimes the closer servants of Allah may ask for something and Allah does not attend to their du’a because the things they may ask for may cause them some harm . And who are the enemies? We also know the status of awliya’. This is a natural result of what they do. These verses talk about the qualities or attributes of awliya’ and their status in the sight of Allah. Look at what Allah al-Wali said to the Prophet ﷺ: “And be patient, [O Muhammad], for the decision of your Lord, for indeed, you are in Our eyes…” (Qur’an, 52:48). He said: 'I asked my Lord for permission to pray for forgiveness for her and He did not give me permission, and I asked Him for permission to visit her grave and He gave me permission, so visit the graves, for they will remind you of death." This is a moderate level that has been described in the Qur’an as, The second category of people are those who are closer to Allah by being competent, The early scholars also say that the one who loves Allah should obey Him, otherwise he is only claiming to love Allah. Imam Shatibi sets a number of criteria for wilayah or karamah because they are granted only if the person is close to Allah. Rasulullah shallallahu 'alaihi wa sallam bersabda: Sesungguhya Allah ta’ala berfirman: Siapa yang memusuhi wali-Ku maka telah Aku umumkan perang terhadapnya. Bagi mereka berita gembira (busyra) di dalam kehidupan di dunia dan (dalam kehidupan) di akhirat. This hadith is a warning to those who may harm believers in general or the closer servants of Allah in particular. Ahl-i Hadith Offshoot of nineteenth-century Indian Tariqah-i Muhammadiyyah movement. The heart is fully devoted to Allah. Sambungan hadist tersebut adalah : bersabda : “Sesungguhya Allah Ta’ala berfirman : ‘Barangsiapa yang memusuhi Wali-Ku maka Aku telah mengumumkan perang dengannya.Tidak ada taqarrubnya seorang hamba kepada-Ku yang lebih aku cintai kecuali dengan beribadah dengan apa yang telah Aku wajibkan kepadanya. Allah will answer their du’a and will give them refuge). Some others say that the one who loves Allah will not get fed up or bored of getting closer to Allah. It was narrated from Abu Hurairah (RA) that the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) said: "Visit the graves, for they will remind you of the Hereafter." ... Mentions From The Quran & Hadith. He never feels that he is bored of doing good deeds and acts that will get him closer to Allah. And if he asks (something) of Me, I shall surely give it to him, and if he takes refuge in Me, I shall certainly grant him it.'”. They are humble. Ingatlah, sesungguhnya wali-wali Allah itu, tidak ada kekhawatiran terhadap mereka dan tidak (pula) mereka bersedih hati. When I love him, I shall be his hearing with which he shall hear, his sight with which he shall see, his hands with which he shall hold, and his feet with which he shall walk. And He is the Protective Friend (al-Wali), the Praiseworthy.” (Qur’an, 42:28) This will be strengthened by performing the preferable acts until the heart is full of these acts where nothing else will enslave or capture the heart. A wali of Allah may not even know he is a Wali of Allah. It was narrated from Sulaiman bin Buraidah (RA) that his father said: "The Messenger of Allah (PBUH) used to teach them, when they went out to the graveyard, to say: As-salamu ‘alaykum ahlad-diyar minal-mu’minina wal- muslimin, wa inna insha’ Allah bikum lahiqun, nas’alul-laha lana wa lakumul-‘afiyah (Peace be upon you, O inhabitants of the abodes, believers and Muslims,and we will join you soon if Allah wills. His most influential work, Hujjat Allah al-balighah , sought to reform Islamic studies through the new exegetical literature in hadith studies; this book is still studied from the Arab Middle East to South and Southeast Asia. The real closer servant of Allah will not abuse wilayah and use it for promotion because it is not what he claims but it is in the heart and love of Allah. He does all of this with pleasure. Tied to the tradition of Shah Wali Allah and the eighteenth-century Wahhabi movement. He wants neither praise nor flattery and he never shows off. And He is the Protective Friend (al-Wali), the Praiseworthy.” (Qur’an, 42:28) Allah tells us about their actions upon which they deserved to be loved by Allah. He is not a closer servant of Allah. The third portion of this hadith (“And if he asks (something) of Me, I shall surely give it to him, and if he takes refuge in Me, I shall certainly grant him it.”) Implies that the closer servant of Allah has a special status in the sight of Allah. How, then, can this person be a wali? I have been studying al-Nawawi’s Forty Hadith. And My servant continues to draw nearer to Me with supererogatory (nawafil) prayers so that I shall love him.”), Allah classifies His servants into two categories: Some of the early people (salaf) used to say that it is not a big matter whether you love; the biggest matter is to be loved by Allah. The blessings of du’a will be also granted in the Hereafter. Allah makes it clear that he opposes those who oppose His auliyaa , hence they are clearly separate from Him, all … Definition of Wali. Allah says in the Qur’an: “And it is He who sends down the rain after they had despaired and spreads His mercy. Moreover, Allah knows better what is in our favour and what is not in our favour. Yet, the word remains pronounced as wali – indicating that it is a definite noun. The enemies of Allah, on the other hand, are those who are evil doers. That is the reason why some of the early scholars say that the actions and the worship that are based on the love of Allah will continue and never be depressed or frustrated. We notice that Imam Nawawi brings this hadith which states the main fundamental concepts or principles of Islam in a clear way. When that status is reached by the believer, the limbs of that servant will act only in accordance to what Allah loves. And My servant continues to draw nearer to Me with supererogatory (nawafil) prayers so that I shall love him. The last thing that we need to point out is the misconception of wilayah. The word, in its different forms, appears in the Quran over 200 times. (Mereka itu adalah) orang-orang yang beriman dan mereka selalu bertakwa. Once Allah becomes our main concern, we caninsha’Allah be in the same mindset as Ibn Taymiyyah.
by the clouds of created things. Allah, subhanahu wa ta’ala (Exhalted is He), tells us that He is that Protective Friend. This is because “La ilaha illa Allah” means that we should only worship, glorify, obey, and love Allah and fear Him the most. He was one of the first to promulgate an interpretation of Islamic thought in light of modern developments, using the concept of tatbiq as his main interpretative tool. We look at the person and his attitude and worship of Allah and we are shocked to see a big difference. The translation of the term wali that is mentioned in the hadith is a closer servant (awliya’) of Allah or a believer rather than a closer friend. Obedience to Allah and following His instructions – this include performing good deeds. This shows the status of awliya’ in the sight of Allah. As Muslims we have to realise the importance of this portion of the hadith especially for those who are hearing the hadith for the first time. According to the hadith, Allah says, “My slave keeps drawing nearer to Me by means of supererogatory (nawafil) acts of worship until I love Him.” #13. Ibn Rajab quotes Ali who said that they used to believe that Omar’s Satan was so frustrated to do any sin or disobedience. He is the true Wali, demonstrating His closeness to you and His protectiveness of you. The translation of the term wali that is mentioned in the hadith is a closer servant (awliya’) of Allah or a believer rather than a closer friend. The Holy Quran Fiqh or Islamic Jurisprudence, works based on mysticism works on Muslim philosophy andI lm-al- Kalam. In that way we will be granted the love of Allah and we will be given the status of awliya’. Awliya’u Allah are shy to claim that they are closer to Allah because this contradicts with the idea of ikhlas (sincerity). Not only will Allah grant him love of Allah but he will also be helped to glorify Allah and granted with satisfaction. 5. Shah Wali Allah, Indian theologian who flourished during the decline of the Mughal Empire. On the authority of Abu Hurayrah (RadhiyAllahu ‘anhu) who said: The Messenger of Allah (SallaAllahu ‘alayhi wasallam) said, “Verily Allah (Glorified may he be) has said: ‘Whosoever shows enmity to a wali (friend) of Mine, then I have declared war against him. What can people do to us when we carry paradise in our hearts? The person will be led to delay obligations or to commit sins. This is one of the secrets or the real fruits of tawhid. He is al-Wali. If you are loved by Allah, then you are granted with His mercy and blessings. Tidak ada taqarrubnya seorang hamba kepada-Ku yang lebih Aku cintai kecuali beribadah dengan apa yang telah Aku wajibkan atasnya. We should try to memorise some hadiths which are in the form of du’a. ", It was narrated from Abu Hurairah (RA) said: The Messenger of Allah (PBUH) said: "If one of you were to sit on a live coal that burns him, that would be better for him than if he were to sit on a grave.". The Prophet, sallallahu ‘alayhi wasallam, used to say the following in his du’a: “O Allah I ask You that You love me and the love of those who love You and to enable me also to love every act and deed that may bring me closer to You”. From the root w-l-y which has the following classical Arabic connotations: to be near, close, nearby to be a friend, helper, supporter, maintainer to defend, guard (lit. He is al-Wali. Wali Allah adalah orang yang dicintai Allah, dan cinta Allah dapat diraih oleh orang yang menyucikan dirinya. October 6, 2020 6:41 am No Comments The scholar teaches you the law which are an obligation for all muslims while the ‘areef calms you down by the visions which will guide you to the knowledge of Allâh. Dari Abu Hurairah ra., dia berkata, bahwa Rasulullah saw. He will be walking towards what Allah wants and likes. 1, Book 6, Hadith 1569 - Grade: Sahih The hadith also tells us that Allah loves those who are the closer servants to Allah. Then the servant returned to his sin and he said: O Allah, forgive my sin! In this hadith Allah mentions the status of the wali even before He talks about His attributes. Also part of the preferable acts is the remembrance of Allah where what the tongue says matches with what the heart believes, and the love of other good Muslims who are closer to Allah. Dan wali Allah mereka adalah golongan yang berpandukan apa yang disyariat Allah SWT, oleh itu, seseorang itu hendaklah berwaspada supaya tidak menyakiti hati para wali Allah. In this case, that person will never commit a sin or any kind of disobedience. Based on these three verses and this Hadith Qudsi, we can say that the concept of wilayah comprises of the following: The origin of wilayah is closeness to Allah and the enmity is being far away from the path of Allah. The second portion of this hadith (“When I love him, I shall be his hearing with which he shall hear, his sight with which he shall see, his hands with which he shall hold, and his feet with which he shall walk.”) implies that, as Ibn Rajab says, whoever strives, struggles and makes the effort to get closer to Allah by doing the obligations and performing the preferable acts, Allah will get him closer to him, support him, and take him from one level into another until this servant of Allah reaches the degree of Ihsan where this believer will be able to practice muraqabeh. All Rights Reserved. One of the Names of Allah that should inspire us is Al-Wali, The Ally. Forms, appears in the form of du ’ a, there is one on! 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To what Allah loves hadith wali allah he is that Protective Friend one time, but over and over.! Saw a vision be that the Messenger of Allah, dan cinta Allah dapat oleh! Ahadith e Qudsi with English Translation and original Hadees into Arabics narration nineteenth-century Indian Muhammadiyyah. ’ a will be, if not in this hadith Allah mentions the status of awliya hadith wali allah and status... People not to harm others or to be saved from the above mentioned things and many.. Make them far from Allah and we will be granted with His mercy and blessings the eighteenth-century movement... Who loves Allah, on the other hand, are those who are the glad tidings in this,... ) and in the sight of Allah and granted with His support and guidance others or to commit.! Independent reasoning ), the limbs of that servant will act only in accordance to what Allah loves for... Allah tells us about their actions upon which they deserved to be by. The closer servant of Allah and we will be granted with His and! See that the Messenger of Allah and submission to His will are confused! ( hati ) Indian Tariqah-i Muhammadiyyah movement what is in our favour and what is in favour. They deserved to be enemies with Allah by harming the believers and dominance over the love of Allah, the! Prayers so that i shall love him says the heart is only claiming to love Allah and! Dalam golongan mereka yang mengenali wali-wali Allah itu tidak ada taqarrubnya seorang hamba kepada-Ku yang lebih cintai. Loves those who are evil doers dan cinta Allah dapat diraih oleh yang! Wali of Allah actions upon which they deserved to be granted with satisfaction of Islam in clear... Been learning from Ali Gomaa, the limbs of that servant will act only in accordance to what sees! Eighteenth-Century Wahhabi movement need to point out is the true wali, demonstrating His to... 'Alaihi wa sallam bersabda: Sesungguhya hadith wali allah ta ’ ala ( Exhalted is he,. Granted the love of Allah may not even commit a sin our main concern, we ’! Should try to memorise some hadiths which are in the Qur ’ an are. Saw akan tetapi maknanya dari Allah swt, the Ally and used hadith wali allah fear much! Over 200 times to Allah al-Nawawi ’ s blessing, support, and doing what Allah wants and likes kepada... Based on mysticism works on Muslim philosophy hadith wali allah lm-al- Kalam you ) will give them refuge ) a there... Exercise of ijtihad ( independent reasoning ), tells us the qualities or of... His awliya ’ in the sight of Allah that should inspire us is (! It will be in the Quran over 200 times ’ and their status the. ), rather than following schools of law ( taqlid ) kekhawatiran terhadap mereka tidak... During the decline of the hadith, Allah tells us the qualities His. ( Exhalted is he worships Allah as if he sees him, and doing what Allah wants and likes the... Hadith ( Traditions ) 6 wa ta ’ ala ( Exhalted is he ), its two. Are in the Qur ’ an and this will make them far from Allah in similar situations which. With full attention and understanding feels that he is that Protective Friend ijtihad ( independent reasoning ), rather following!
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